Class 10 Science Test Paper Chapter 5 | CBSE Board | Detailed Solutions & Marking Scheme

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VEDANT IGNITE TEST SERIES 2026–27

Class: X (GSEB)
Subject: Science
Chapter: 5 – Life Processes
Topics: Nutrition, Respiration, Transportation, Excretion, Human Digestive System, Human Respiratory System, Human Circulatory System, Human Excretory System, Nutrition in Plants and Animals
Marks: 30
Time: 1 Hour

Instructions:

  1. All questions are compulsory as per internal choice mentioned.
  2. Draw neat and labelled diagrams wherever necessary.
  3. Answer according to NCERT textbook concepts only.
  4. Internal choices are provided in Sections B, C and D.

Section A (1 Mark Each) – 7 Marks

Multiple Choice Questions (3 × 1 = 3 Marks)

  1. Which of the following is the site of complete digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats?

    (A) Stomach (B) Small intestine (C) Large intestine (D) Oesophagus

  2. The blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart is:

    (A) Pulmonary artery (B) Aorta (C) Pulmonary vein (D) Vena cava

  3. The functional unit of the kidney is:

    (A) Alveolus (B) Neuron (C) Nephron (D) Villus

Fill in the Blanks (2 × 1 = 2 Marks)

  1. The process by which green plants prepare food is called __________. (Photosynthesis, Respiration, Transpiration)
  2. The pigment present in red blood cells that transports oxygen is __________. (Haemoglobin, Chlorophyll, Plasma)

True or False (2 × 1 = 2 Marks)

  1. Xylem transports food from leaves to other parts of the plant. ________
  2. The exchange of gases in the lungs occurs in the alveoli. ________

Section B (Write Any 3) – 6 Marks

  1. Differentiate between autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition with one example each.
  2. Why is the small intestine considered the main site of absorption of digested food?
  3. State any two functions of blood in the human body.
  4. Explain the role of stomata in plants.
  5. Why is separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood necessary in humans?

Section C (Write Any 3) – 9 Marks

  1. Draw a neat labelled diagram of the human digestive system and name any three digestive glands.
  2. Explain the process of photosynthesis. Write its balanced chemical equation and mention two factors affecting it.
  3. Describe the pathway of blood through the human heart.
  4. Explain the mechanism of breathing in humans during inhalation and exhalation.
  5. Describe the structure and working of a nephron with a neat labelled diagram.

Section D (Write Any 2) – 8 Marks

  1. Compare transportation in plants and transportation in humans on the basis of:
BasisPlantsHumans
Transport tissue/system
Material transported
Pumping organ
Type of circulation
  1. Explain the process of digestion of food in humans from ingestion to egestion. Mention the role of saliva, hydrochloric acid, bile juice and pancreatic juice.
  2. A person suffers from difficulty in breathing after vigorous exercise.

Answer the following:

(a) Which process increases to meet the body's demand for energy?

(b) Why does the breathing rate increase after exercise?

(c) Name the respiratory pigment present in blood.

(d) Explain the exchange of gases between alveoli and blood.


VEDANT CLASSES – A Pathway to Success...

VEDANT IGNITE TEST SERIES 2026–27

Solved Answer Key with Marking Scheme

Class: X (GSEB)
Subject: Science
Chapter: 5 – Life Processes
Marks: 30

Section A (7 Marks)

MCQs (1 Mark Each)

Q1. Site of complete digestion is:
✔ Answer: (B) Small intestine [1 Mark]

Q2. Oxygenated blood from lungs to heart is carried by:
✔ Answer: (C) Pulmonary vein [1 Mark]

Q3. Functional unit of kidney:
✔ Answer: (C) Nephron [1 Mark]

Fill in the Blanks (1 Mark Each)

Q4. Photosynthesis ✔ [1 Mark]

Q5. Haemoglobin ✔ [1 Mark]

True / False (1 Mark Each)

Q6. Xylem transports food from leaves → ❌ False [1 Mark]
(Correct: Phloem transports food)

Q7. Gas exchange occurs in alveoli → ✔ True [1 Mark]

Section B (Write Any 3) – 6 Marks

Q8. (2 Marks)

Autotrophic nutrition:

  • Organisms prepare their own food using sunlight (1 Mark)
  • Example: Green plants (½ Mark)

Heterotrophic nutrition:

  • Organisms depend on others for food (1 Mark)
  • Example: Humans / animals (½ Mark)

Q9. (2 Marks)

Small intestine is main site of absorption because:

  • It has large surface area due to villi (1 Mark)
  • Thin walls and rich blood supply help absorption (1 Mark)

Q10. (2 Marks)

Functions of blood (any two):

  • Transport of oxygen and nutrients (1 Mark)
  • Removal of waste like CO₂ and urea (1 Mark)
  • Protection against diseases (accept alternative)

Q11. (2 Marks)

Role of stomata:

  • Exchange of gases (CO₂ and O₂) (1 Mark)
  • Transpiration (loss of water vapour) (1 Mark)

Q12. (2 Marks)

Need for separation:

  • Prevents mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood (1 Mark)
  • Ensures efficient oxygen supply for high energy demand in humans (1 Mark)

Section C (Write Any 3) – 9 Marks

Q13. (3 Marks)

Diagram: Human Digestive System (neat labelled) [2 Marks]

Digestive glands (any three):

  • Salivary glands
  • Liver
  • Pancreas
    [1 Mark]

Q14. (3 Marks)

Photosynthesis:

  • Plants prepare food using CO₂ and water in presence of sunlight and chlorophyll (1 Mark)

Equation:
6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ [1 Mark]

Factors (any two):

  • Sunlight
  • CO₂ concentration
  • Chlorophyll
  • Temperature
    [1 Mark]

Q15. (3 Marks)

Pathway of blood:

  • Body → Vena cava → Right atrium → Right ventricle → Pulmonary artery → Lungs → Pulmonary vein → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Aorta → Body
    [3 Marks]

(Flow sequence must be correct for full marks)

Q16. (3 Marks)

Inhalation:

  • Diaphragm contracts and moves down (1 Mark)
  • Chest cavity expands, air enters lungs (1 Mark)

Exhalation:

  • Diaphragm relaxes and moves up (1 Mark)
  • Air is pushed out (1 Mark)

(Award max 3 marks overall)

Q17. (3 Marks)

Nephron:

  • Structure: Bowman's capsule, tubule, glomerulus (1 Mark)

Working:

  • Filtration in glomerulus (1 Mark)
  • Reabsorption and urine formation (1 Mark)

(Diagram optional but gives +1 within steps if very well labelled)

Section D (Write Any 2) – 8 Marks

Q18. (4 Marks)

BasisPlantsHumans
Transport systemXylem & PhloemBlood circulatory system
MaterialWater, minerals, foodOxygen, CO₂, nutrients, waste
Pumping organNo pumpHeart
TypeOpen/slow transportClosed circulation

Marking:
Each correct row = 1 Mark

Q19. (4 Marks)

Process of digestion:

  • Ingestion: Food enters mouth (1 Mark)
  • Saliva: Breaks starch into sugars (1 Mark)
  • HCl: Kills bacteria, acidic medium (1 Mark)
  • Bile: Emulsifies fats (1 Mark)
  • Pancreatic juice: Digests proteins, fats, carbs (1 Mark)
  • Egestion: Removal of undigested food (1 Mark)

(Max 4 marks awarded)

Q20. (4 Marks)

(a) Process increased: Respiration ✔ (1 Mark)

(b) Breathing rate increases to supply more oxygen and remove CO₂ (1 Mark)

(c) Respiratory pigment: Haemoglobin (1 Mark)

(d) Gas exchange:

  • O₂ diffuses from alveoli to blood
  • CO₂ diffuses from blood to alveoli due to concentration gradient (1 Mark)

Grand Total = 30 Marks

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