Class 10 SST Test Paper (Contemporary India – II) Chapter 1 Resources and Development | CBSE Board | Detailed Solutions & Marking Scheme



VEDANT IGNITE TEST SERIES

Class X | Social Science (SST)

Chapter: Resources and Development

Time Allowed: 1 Hour | Maximum Marks: 30


GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:

  1. All questions are compulsory.

  2. Read questions carefully before answering.

  3. Attempt questions section-wise.

  4. Use examples and diagrams wherever required.


SECTION A (1 × 7 = 7 Marks)

(Competency-Based MCQs & Assertion-Reason)

Q1. A farmer in Rajasthan shifts from growing water-intensive crops to millet due to water scarcity. Which type of resource management strategy is he adopting?

(a) Resource depletion (b) Sustainable development (c) Overutilization (d) Industrial conservation

Q2. Which of the following best explains why resources are unevenly distributed on Earth?

(a) Equal population growth (b) Different geological processes (c) Uniform climate (d) Similar soil formation

Q3. A region rich in minerals but lacking technology fails to utilize them effectively. This situation highlights:

(a) Resource abundance (b) Human-made resource limitation (c) Renewable resource use (d) Stock resources

Q4. Which of the following is an example of a renewable resource being overexploited?

(a) Solar energy (b) Wind energy (c) Groundwater (d) Tidal energy

Q5. Land degradation in Punjab is mainly caused by:

(a) Overgrazing (b) Over-irrigation (c) Mining (d) Deforestation


Q6. Assertion (A): Resource planning is essential for sustainable existence of all forms of life.

Reason (R): Resources are limited and their irrational consumption leads to environmental degradation.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true


Q7. Assertion (A): Terrace farming helps in soil conservation.

Reason (R): It reduces surface runoff and soil erosion in hilly areas.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true


SECTION B (2 × 4 = 8 Marks)

(Competency-Based Short Answer Questions)

Q8. Explain how technological development transforms substances into resources with an example.

Q9. Analyse any two consequences of land degradation on agriculture and environment.

Q10. Distinguish between renewable and non-renewable resources using suitable examples.

Q11. Why is resource planning important in a country like India? Give any two reasons.


SECTION C (3 × 2 = 6 Marks)

(Application / Analysis-Based Questions)

Q12. A village in Madhya Pradesh faces soil erosion due to deforestation. Suggest three practical measures to control soil erosion in this region.

Q13. “Indiscriminate use of resources has led to global ecological crises.” Justify the statement with three points.


SECTION D (5 × 1 = 5 Marks)

(Long Answer – Competency & Case Application)

Q14. Explain the steps involved in resource planning in India. Also analyse how improper planning can lead to regional imbalances.


SECTION E (Case Study Based) (1+1+2 = 4 Marks)

Q15. Read the case and answer the questions:

In a semi-arid region of India, farmers depended heavily on groundwater for irrigation. Over time, excessive withdrawal led to a sharp decline in the water table. To address this, the government introduced watershed management practices, including rainwater harvesting, afforestation, and controlled grazing.

(a) What is the main reason for the decline in groundwater levels? (1)

(b) Identify one method used in watershed management. (1)

(c) Explain how watershed management helps in sustainable resource development. (2)


Here is the Detailed Answer Key with CBSE Marking Scheme for your paper:


VEDANT IGNITE TEST SERIES – 2026

Class X | SST | Chapter: Resources and Development

DETAILED ANSWER KEY WITH MARKING SCHEME


SECTION A (1 × 7 = 7 Marks)

Q1. (b) Sustainable development

Marking: 1 mark for correct option

Q2. (b) Different geological processes

Marking: 1 mark

Q3. (b) Human-made resource limitation

Marking: 1 mark

Correct Answer: (b) Human-made resource limitation

✔️ Explanation (CBSE Concept Clarity):

  • Resources depend not only on availability but also on technology, skills, and institutions.
  • Even if minerals are present, without proper technology, they cannot be converted into usable resources.
  • This reflects the limitation of human-made resources (technology).

🔍 Why other options are incorrect:

  • (a) Resource abundance → Incorrect, because resources are not being utilized
  • (c) Renewable resource use → Not related to minerals
  • (d) Stock resources → These are resources whose use depends on future technology, but here the focus is on lack of current technology

Q4. (c) Groundwater

Marking: 1 mark

Q5. (b) Over-irrigation

Marking: 1 mark


Q6. (a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A

Explanation: Resources are limited; misuse leads to degradation → hence planning is necessary
Marking: 1 mark


Q7. (a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A

Explanation: Terrace farming reduces runoff → prevents soil erosion
Marking: 1 mark


SECTION B (2 × 4 = 8 Marks)

Q8. Technological development transforms substances into resources

Answer:

  • Resources are not natural gifts but become useful through human knowledge, skills, and technology. (1)

  • Example: Petroleum was useless before refining technology; now it is a major energy resource. (1)

Marking Scheme:

  • Concept explanation → 1 mark

  • Relevant example → 1 mark


Q9. Consequences of land degradation

Answer:

  • Decline in soil fertility reduces agricultural productivity. (1)

  • Leads to desertification and loss of biodiversity/environmental imbalance. (1)

Marking Scheme:

  • Any two valid consequences → 1 mark each


Q10. Renewable vs Non-renewable resources

Answer:

  • Renewable resources: Can be replenished naturally (e.g., solar, wind). (1)

  • Non-renewable resources: Limited and take millions of years to form (e.g., coal, petroleum). (1)

Marking Scheme:

  • Definition + example (each) → 1 mark


Q11. Importance of resource planning in India

Answer:

  • Unequal distribution of resources across regions. (1)

  • Prevents over-exploitation and ensures sustainable development. (1)

Marking Scheme:

  • Any two valid reasons → 1 mark each


SECTION C (3 × 2 = 6 Marks)

Q12. Measures to control soil erosion

Answer:

  • Afforestation to bind soil. (1)

  • Contour ploughing / terrace farming. (1)

  • Regulated grazing / avoiding deforestation. (1)

Marking Scheme:

  • Any three correct measures → 1 mark each


Q13. Indiscriminate use of resources leads to ecological crisis

Answer:

  • Leads to global warming due to excessive fossil fuel use. (1)

  • Causes resource depletion and scarcity. (1)

  • Environmental degradation like pollution and loss of biodiversity. (1)

Marking Scheme:

  • Any three valid points → 1 mark each


SECTION D (5 × 1 = 5 Marks)

Q14. Resource planning in India

Answer:

Steps involved:

  1. Identification and inventory of resources across regions. (1)

  2. Planning structure with appropriate technology, skills, and institutions. (1)

  3. Matching resource development plans with national development plans. (1)

Improper planning consequences:
4. Leads to regional imbalances (resource-rich areas underdeveloped). (1)
5. Over-exploitation in some regions and underutilization in others. (1)

Marking Scheme:

  • Steps (any 3 points) → 3 marks

  • Analysis (any 2 points) → 2 marks


SECTION E (Case Study) (4 Marks)

Q15. Case Study Answers

(a) Excessive extraction/overuse of groundwater (1)

(b) Any one: Rainwater harvesting / afforestation / controlled grazing (1)

(c)

  • Helps recharge groundwater. (1)

  • Prevents soil erosion and maintains ecological balance. (1)

Marking Scheme:

  • (a) Correct reason → 1 mark

  • (b) Any valid method → 1 mark

  • (c) Explanation (2 points) → 2 marks


TOTAL = 30 MARKS


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